黑格尔历史哲学中的自由观念及其对马克思的影响

Concept of Freedom in Hegel's Historical Philosophy and Its Influence on Marx

黑格尔认为,"世界历史无非是‘自由’意识的进展"。这个命题集中表明了黑格尔对世界历史本质和目的的理解。世界历史的本质是自由意识的进展,世界历史的目的就是自由的实现,世界历史的演进也就是自由不断实现的过程。黑格尔关于自由与世界历史关系的思想对马克思的自由观念产生了重大的影响。马克思接受了黑格尔关于自由的实现是一个历史过程的思想,他们都关心由社会进步所带来的自由。另外,马克思也接受了黑格尔关于自由实现的阶段论,但对于阶段的划分,马克思又显然不同于黑格尔。

Hegel thought that ＂world history is nothing more than the progress of ＇free＇ consciousness＂. This proposition fully reveals Hegel＇s understanding of the essence and purpose of world history： the essence of world history was the progress Of free consciousness, and the purpose of world history was to realize freedom. Marx accepted Hegel＇s viewpoints that the realization of freedom was a historical process and in different stages, different goal of freedom would be fulfilled. Both of them concerned about the freed d om brought about by social progress. However, Marx was clearly different from Hegel in respect of stage division.