试论我国古代学校体育的演变历程及现实意义

Evolution Process of School P.E. in Ancient China and Its Practical Significance

运用文献资料法,对我国学校体育的发展演变进行分析、推理、归纳。研究认为:我国的学校体育经过夏商周时期射、御、舞的发展,在"文武兼备"思想的影响下逐渐形成,后因汉时儒家学说的独尊而衰退;出于军事的需要,自隋唐至宋明清,由于武举武学的兴起致使武术教育得到推进和发展,而又因清朝后期西方列强的入侵,武举制度被废除。我国古代的学校体育经历了从劳动技能传授、娱乐军事、强身健体至武学武举的发展历程,受当时社会的政治、军事、社会风气的制约和影响;其发展规律对当代学校体育的改革有一定的现实意义。

The paper adopts the method of literature to of China＇ s school P.E. The research believes that school P. of Xia, Shang and Qiu under the influence of the philosophy analyze, deduce and induce the development and evolution E. in China gradually developed after the historical periods of ＂readiness in both civil and military affairs＂. It later decayed in the late Han Dynasty because of the dominant Confucianism. Out of military needs, from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wushu education witnessed promotion and development due to the rise of Wuju system （ selecting talents by military examinations） and Wushu, but the system was abolished in late Qing Dynasty because of the invasion of western powers. School physical education in ancient China experienced the process from the impartment of labor skills, entertaining military and strengthening the body to military examinations. It was restricted and influenced by the politics, military and social morality at that time. The law of its development is of certain practical significance to the reform of contemporary school physical education.