摘要
《夏小正》是中国最早的一部星象物候历 ,也是流传至今的最早的一部完整的天文学文献。文章将该历按月给出的 1 7个星象分为昏旦南中、伏见和星座指向 3个部分分析计算了其使用年代 ,结论是 :《夏小正》中各星象的年代是一致的 ,该历曾被用于周代 ,其起源可以上推至夏代 ,但确认后者还需要其它方面的证据。
Xia Xiao Zheng ,the earliest extant Chinese calendar,determines the months by observing star positions and by phenology.Scholars have different opinions on the time of its use .The purpose of this paper is to calculate the adopting years of Xia Xiao Zheng according to the astronomical phenomena recorded in it.The 17 star positions which appeared in twilight of the months are divided into 3 parts:the first part concerns stars passing through the meridian,the second part deals with stars appearing in the morning or disappearing in the evening,and the third part is about the directions of constellations.After calculating the average time from the first part on the principle of precession,the second and the third parts are analyzed,and since these two latter parts are match to the average time mentioned above,it may be concluded that all the astronomical phenomena in the Xia Xiao Zheng could be seen in the same time,and the calendar could be used from Xia (about 2000 BC) to Zhou(about 1000 BC) .But more evidences are needed if we want to conform that Xia Xiao Zheng originated from the Xia Dynasty.
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
2000年第3期234-250,共17页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
基金
国家九五重大项目!"夏商周断代工程"经费支持
