北京市控烟策略执行效果及控烟相关认知和行为现状分析

Survey of tobacco control strategy implementation effect and related KAP in Beijing

目的了解北京市控烟策略执行效果及控烟相关认知和行为现状。方法采用计算机辅助的电话调查方法 (CATI)在北京市西城区和昌平区开展调查,采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取电话号码,利用SPSS 13.0软件进行一般描述性统计分析。结果共接通14 084个符合调查范围的电话,成功完成访问2450个。调查对象对公共场所禁止吸烟规定的知晓率均在95%以上,在公共场所看到有人吸烟的比例均接近70%。关于现在吸烟者去过戒烟门诊的比例,西城和昌平区仅为3.7%和2.8%。现在吸烟者看病时医护人员建议戒烟的比例,西城和昌平区分别为36.7%和31.7%。接到过控烟宣传信息的比例均不足1/3。吸烟危害知晓率两区均不足50%,被动吸烟危害知晓率两个区都近60%;现在吸烟人群半年内打算戒烟比例方面,2个区在40%左右;两个区的男性吸烟率均接近50%,二手烟暴露率均超过50%。结论北京市禁烟规定宣传覆盖面广,但是执行效果并不好;控烟相关知识信息宣传尚需加大力度;戒烟门诊执行情况较差;医务人员提供戒烟服务的执行情况尚可,但尚需进一步增加服务队伍,并与医疗保障政策结合起来。北京市西城区和昌平区的控烟相关知识、态度及行为现状要好于全国平均水平。

Objective To understand tobacco control strategy implementation effect and related KAP in Beijing Methods Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview （CATI） was used to collect data in Xicheng District and Changping Dis- trict, Beijing. Telephone numbers were select by simple random samplin~ Data was analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results 14 084 telephone numbers were dialed and 2450 interviewees were finished. The awareness rates of smoking regulations in the two districts were both more than 95%, the proportions of people who noticed tobacco smoke in public places were both closed to 70%. The proportions of people who visited smoking cessation clinic in the two districts were both less than 4%, and the proportions of people who were advised to quit when they visited to a clinic were 36. 7% and 31.7%, respectively. Tobacco control information receiving proportion in the two districts were both less than 1/3. Awareness rate of the harmful- ness of smoking was all less than 50%, awareness rate of the harmfulness of second-hand smoking were both approximately 60%, the intention to quit smoking rate were both approximately 40%, current smoking rates in male were both approxi- mately 50%, and secondhand smoke exposure rates were both more than 50%. Conclusion In the two districts of Beijing, the propaganda of smoking regulations had wide coverage, but the implementation effect was not efficient. The propaganda of tobacco control knowledge and the construction of smoking cessation clinic needed to be strengthened. Smoking cessation serv- ices in health institutions should be combined with medical insurance policy. The status of knowledge, attitude and behavior in tobacco control in these two districts of Beijing were better than the national average level.