甜高粱生产生物燃料关键因素分析

Analysis on key factors of sweet sorghum as raw material for bio-fuel production

针对以甜高粱为原料生产生物燃料中存在的原料不足、产品成本高等问题,根据近10年甜高粱育种与栽培研究成果以及与企业的合作经验,对影响上述问题的主要因素如品种、种植区域、技术、政策等进行分析。结果表明:甜高粱虽有较好的品种,但不能满足所有地区以甜高粱秆为原料生产燃料产业持续发展的需要,这是造成原料基地不足的首要原因。我国的边际土地面积巨大、类型众多,不都完全适合种植甜高粱来生产燃料乙醇,选择种植区域不当是甜高粱种植不足的第2个原因。在甜高粱高产种植、加工技术方面,重视了高产栽培、发酵技术等核心技术的研究,忽略了配套技术研究,这是造成生产成本高的主要原因。国家虽然制定了相关产业政策,但不足以引导生物质能产业健康持续发展。在今后发展以甜高粱为原料生产生物燃料过程中,首先需注意甜高粱品种的多元化,要特别注意选育早熟、高产、高含糖量品种、杂交种;其次根据区域气候特点,选择适宜地区不仅适合种植甜高粱,更要适合甜高粱的储藏和加工;同时研究甜高粱机械化收储运、甜高粱秆连续发酵、糟渣利用等配套技术研究,构建完整的产业链;制定中小规模生物质能产业持续发展的政策法规和生物能源研发的国家持续投入机制,保障生物质能产业稳步发展。

In addition to the problems of the shortage of raw material and high costs in bio-fuel production using sweet sorghum.The reasons which bringing on the above-mentioned problems are analyzed based on the achievement in sweet sorghum breeding,cultivation and industrial cooperation during the last decade.The key factors include the cultivar of sweet sorghum,planting areas,technology and the government policy.Although some sweet sorghum cultivars are better,these cultivars could not provide a sustainable supply to feed the bio-fuel industry.There is large area of marginal lands in China.However,not all marginal lands can be utilized for sweet sorghum cultivation.Since sweet sorghum cultivation and sorghum stalk processing technology had been improved,it still could not satisfy the operation of bio-fuel industry cycle.The government constituted some policies on development of bio-energy.For using sweet sorghum stalk as raw material,sweet sorghum cultivar multiplicity should be focused on,especially on breeding new varieties or hybrids with high biomass yield,high sugar content and early maturity.Besides,it is necessary to select marginal lands which are not only adapt to planting sweet sorghum but also meet the requirements of sweet sorghum stalk storage and processing.Mechanical harvesting is more important in the near future.At the same time,the government should issue the policy to encourage the development of medium or small scale bio-energy plants and the government should invest in bio-energy research and development continuity.