中国新疆早期佛教彩塑的形成与发展

The Formation and Development of the Painted Buddhist Statues in its Early Stage in Xinjiang of China

随着佛教的传播,僧徒在各地兴建寺院或石窟,修造佛像。这种渊源虽然是由西传到我国新疆等地区,然後流传至内地。但是,由於不同的地区条件和质材特点,犍陀罗石雕艺术在新疆并未得到发展,而彩妆泥塑和壁画却代替了石雕。当时鄯善、龟兹、于阗等地的艺术家根据当地的具体条件,进行了创造。无论在寺院形制、窟室组合、泥塑彩绘、塑绘结合以及表现技艺等方面,都显示了艺术匠师的才能。

With the spreading of the Buddhism, the monks and priests were active in building temples and grottoes and making statues of the Buddha all over the country. Due to the less precipices in Xinjiang and Hexi Region, more clay statutes were built in temples and grottoes and then became painted clay statues as its main form in almost all the temples when it began its inland development. The Han culture spread into the western regions and went westwards further through the regions. Along the opposite direction, the Western culture spread eastwards progressively through the western regions of China. The eastward spreading of the religions such as the Buddhism from India and Jing Religion from Qing into the boundary of Han Empire was carried out mainly along the Silk Road of the western regions, Among the ruins of the Buddhist temples was the temple of the ancient city of Tuokuzisalai, Monks and laymen were devout Buddhists and the temples stood in great numbers around the corners of the country. The main temples were controlled by the scholars of the Hinayana school. After Jiumoroshi' s return back to his country, the Mahayana school of the Buddhism began its spreading in the empire of Junci. Thus. the situation was that the Hinayana was regarded as the principle school while the Mahayana as the subsidiary. The outstanding characteristics of the statues are larger heads with relative small body and the shapes are grotesque. The relics of the Buddhist art in Junci are mainly in the gottoes except the rains of the temples such as Subashi Temple.