“国族”而非“族群”——试论民族自决权的适用主体

National Entity,but not Ethnic Entity——On the Application of the Subject of the Right to National Self-determination

民族自决权最早可追溯到公元前5世纪希腊城邦的自治观念,但是现代意义上的民族自决权主要是18世纪以来自由权利学说、人民主权理论和民族主义思想发展的综合产物。民族自决权具有正当性,但对其适用范围应当加以规范。费希特、马志尼、列宁等人提倡民族自决权,实际上是"国族自决权"或"人民自决权",而非"族群自决权"。从民族自决权与国家主权、人民主权的关系看,民族自决权的适用主体是"国族",而非"族群"。

The Right to National Self-determination （RND） can be dated back to Creek idea of self determination right within ＂ City-States＂ in 5th century B. C., but the modern version of RND is mainly the combination of the developments of the three major components-the notion of right to freedom, the theory of popular sovereignty, and the nationalist thoughts since the 18th century. Although the national self-determination has its legitimacy, its application should be limited. Fiehte, Mazzini and Lenin advocated the RND, but the implications is national determination or people＇s determination not ethnic determination. National entity but not ethnic entity is the applicable subject of the RND from the perspective of the relationships among RND, national sovereignty and popular sovereignty.