克里奥化宗教、社会展演与生计——以圣马丁和圣玛丽特为个案

Religious Creolization,Social Performance and Livelihood——In Case of St. Martin and Shengmalite

本文是对《盛赞新耶路撒冷》①这本研究加勒比地区克里奥化的音乐、宗教之民族志专著的一篇评论性与延伸性讨论。根据涂尔干对于宗教社会学与社会分工论的认识与有关世界体系之社会理论的探讨,本文力求重新认识艺术元素的社会展演、克里奥化宗教与政治在当下加勒比地区人民生活中的观念形态与实践方式。在一个以多民族、多宗教信仰为特色、旅游业为其主要生计方式的岛屿上,在一个以世界体系理论视野看来存在着分化与矛盾的生活空间内,作者瓜德罗普诠释了圣马丁和圣玛丽特人通过艺术与宗教的混合性实践与观念性包容(这种包容性又与其殖民史有着密切的关联)获得了经济繁荣与政治归属感的满足,从而抛弃了一种"民族志现在时"的囿于,进一步从历时性与共时性揭示了市场、社会政治阶层的身份认同与艺术、宗教之间的关系。艺术与宗教既非概念化也非先验化而是存在于人们的交往与社会过程中。

This paper is an extended discussion about the city of ＂New Jerusalem＂, which symbolizes the Creolization of religions, music and life styles in Caribbean areas. The study wants to re-understand arts, religions and politics, and how the ideology has influenced the practice of contemporary Caribbean people＇s lives in St. Martin and Shengmalite. The islanders hold different religious believes and across cultures and geographic areas, but all rely on tourism to make living. The article tries to show how people practice the conceptual inclusiveness in spit of their hybrid of religions and arts, and how they come into an economic and political entity. The relationship among market, identity of social-politic classes and art can be displayed in history-building and social process in St. Martin and Shengmalite.