高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢的研究与发展

Research and Development of Nickel-Free High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢比传统镍奥氏体不锈钢具有更优良的力学性能及明显的成本优势,并且避免了镍过敏问题,是金属生物材料的研究热点之一。本文阐述了高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢的成分设计思路,分析了合金元素和生产工艺对氮溶解度的影响,介绍了氮气加压熔炼法和粉末冶金法两类高氮不锈钢制备技术的原理及特点,讨论了高氮无镍不锈钢的力学性能、耐蚀性能和生物相容性,对国内外高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢的开发应用现状及存在的问题进行了深入分析,并指明了高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢的发展趋势。

High nitrogen and nickel-free austenitic stainless steels have become the research hotspot of metallic biomaterials since they have significantly better mechanical properties, obvious cost advantages and no nickel allergy problem compared with the traditional austenitic stainless steels. In this paper, the composition design principle of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels was expounded, and the effects of alloying elements and manufacturing technology on the solubility of nitrogen were analyzed. Meanwhile, the manufacturing technologies＇ principles and characteristics of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels, including nitrogen pressurized melting and powder metallurgy were introduced; their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility were also discussed. By deeply analyzing the current situation and existing problems of development ＆ application at home and abroad, the future developing trends of high nitrogen and nickel-free austenitic stainless steels have been suggested.