南宋的待補與待補太學生

The Regulation of Daibu and Daibu Students of Taixue in Southern Song

本文討論在南宋施行近一個世紀的太學考試制度——待補。首先釐清宋人使用"舉人"一詞的語境,再將待補制度置於南宋士人不斷增加的時空環境,討論"混補"爲何無法施行,而必將被"待補"取代。其次,透過討論待補法制定前,朝臣對太學補試的歷次爭論,理解待補法制訂的邏輯。認爲待補法不但解決了混補制下應考士人過多的問題,並藉由與地方解試結合,一把機會開放給少數未能通過解試的舉子,同時試圖網羅各地人才。嘉定以後,南宋政府不斷對待補法進行改革,努力從制度層面解決問題。從大學考試制度切入,可知南宋已沒有獨立於科舉之外的官學教育體系。

This thesis discusses Daibu (待補),a regulation of entrance examination of Taixue (太學),which had been implemented nearly one hundred years in Southern Song.We should comprehend how people of Song Dynasty used the turn,Juren (舉人),which was different with Ming Dyansty and the background of Sothern Song which the literati increaded quickly;then we can understand why Hunbu(混 補) couldn't be enforced in early Southern Song and must be replaced by Daibu.The regulation of Daibu solved the problem of Hunbu that too many literati attended;furthermore,Daibu gave limited opportunity to literati who passed the Jieshi(解試).This regulation,however,made Taixue examination integrated with imperial examination instead of official schools of local governments.This situation showed there was no independent education system anymore from imperial examination during Southern Song.