个体传播地位的历史变迁与传育的时代命题

Historical Changes of the Individual Status in Communication and the Communicational Education as a Proposition of the Time

人是天生的传播动物,也是最善于利用媒介的动物,从这个意义上说,每个人都是传播人。只不过,随着社会分工的出现和阶级的分化,传播的权力与责任以及传播的权利与义务也发生了分化。一部分人垄断了传播权,另一部分人则被剥夺了传播权,日渐沦为大众传播媒介的受众。传播技术的发展为传播主体的全面回归创造了条件;而到了数字时代,每个人都有条件成为集传、受于一体的电子媒介人。电子媒介人的全面崛起,打破了过去那种大众传播媒介一统天下的传播格局,也使普通大众作为传播主体的意识开始觉醒。数字时代的电子媒介人不仅成为新的认识主体,也成为新的实践主体;不仅成为新的生产劳动实践主体,也成为新的社会交往实践主体和新的伦理实践主体。作为新的传播主体,以电子媒介人身份生存的社会公民的主体觉醒及其主体地位的回归,使传播素养的自觉提升成为每个人的人生课题;而要使数字环境下新的传播道德构建成为每一个传播主体的伦理自觉,就必须重视传育这一事关人的全面而自由发展的时代命题。

In the wake of social divisions of labor and class,there appears the differentiations of powers and responsibilities of communication： Some monopolize the right of communication,while others are deprived of it and gradually reduced to be the audiences of the mass media.The development of communicative technologies creates favorable conditions for communicative subject.In the digital age,everyone can be a cyber-mediator acting as propagator as well as audience.The rise of cyber-mediator has broken the old pattern dominated by the mass media,and aroused the public awareness to take the status of communicative subject.The cyber-mediator becomes the new subject of understanding and practice.The public＇s awakening of being cyber-mediator and the regain of its subject status make it possible to achieve the personal communicational accomplishment.In order to make the new communicative ethics become the ethical consciousness of each communicative subject,we must pay attention to the cultivation of communication which is the proposition of the time relating to people＇s free and overall development.