形与身的突出——明代前期画论的美学转向

Image and Body: the Aesthetic Twn of Painting Theory in the Early Ming Dynasty

中国画论,自晋代始创,至唐代而兴,宋元而得大阐发。其中,文人画论多受道、释两家影响,尤其以南宋元季以来,重意轻形几成极端。明代前期画家,以王履和明四家为代表,重开了重自然观察和形式创构的绘画精神,而且以自我身体进入自然,投射绘画为绘画精神的要义,因此构成了"形与身的突出"的新绘画美学主题。

Ancient Chinese theory of painting originated from the the Jin Dynasty,developed in the Tang Dynasty and reached its splendid achievements in the Song and Yuan Dynasty.The literati-painting theory was influenced by Taoism and Buddhism,and in the South Song and Yuan Dynasty,it over-valued the conception and mood,and extremely neglected the form in painting techniques.Painters in the early Ming Dynasty,represented by Wang Lv,and the Four Great Masters of the Ming,re-emphasized the painting theory that respected observation of nature and technical forming.They developed the new aesthetic theory of painting of the highlighting of form and body by devoting themselves into nature,indicating that painting itself is the core of the spirit of painting.