电动汽车有序充电方法研究

Research on Scheme for Ordered Charging of Electric Vehicles

未来规模化的电动汽车充电将会给电网的运行带来影响,无序的充电会给电网带来负面冲击。充电负荷具有时空双尺度的可调节性,利用此特性可在时间和空间上进行双尺度的负荷调度,使电动汽车充电负荷对电网运行产生积极的作用。基于此特性和实测的充电负荷数据,提出了一种基于负荷预测的有序充电方法,建立优化方程并求解,得到每个充电负荷的最优充电开始时间,通过改变充电开始时间调节总的负荷功率曲线。该方法能够在满足用户需求的基础上,尽可能利用低谷电为电动汽车充电,平抑负荷波动,减小负荷峰谷差,避免充电过程产生新的负荷高峰。仿真实验证明了该控制方法的有效性,并可从中看出受充电过程功率特性的限制和人类行为的影响,单纯依靠电动汽车充电进行负荷调节无法达到理想的效果。

Large-scale charging of electric vehicles （EV） in the future will affect power grid operation and unordered charging of EV will bring about negative impacts to power grid Chargin load possesses adjustability in time-scale and Space-scale, so it is possible to perform dual-scale load scheduling in time and space to make charging load of EV playing a positive role in power grid operation. Based on the feature of charging load and measured charging load data, a load forecasting-based ordered charging scheme is proposed and an optimization equation is established to obtain the optimal charging starting time for each charging load, and the total laod curve can be adjusted by changing charging starting times. On the basis of satisfying user demand, the proposed scheme can change EV in the valley period as far as possible to stablize the fluctuation of load and reduce load difference between peak and valley period, and the new peak load due to charging EV can be avoided. Simulation results shows that the proposed scheme is effective. It also can be seen from simulation results that due to the restriction of power characteristic of charging process and the influence of human behavior, it is unable to achieve ideal effect of load adjustment by means of charging EV only.