心理治疗中的同化模型

Assimilation Model in Psychotherapy

同化模型是一个有关心理治疗改变过程的理论构想。它融合了多家理论观点,形成一个用于解释心理治疗一般改变过程的整合性框架。依据此模型,针对治疗改变过程提出八个可以预期的发展阶段。一系列有关同化模型的研究已经对模型及其发展序列进行了验证,并提供了实证性的支持。同时发现不同疗法的同化过程模式存在差异;不同疗法对处于不同同化阶段的当事人具有不同的效果。在研究主题的细化方面,已有研究开展了同化阶段的标识研究、同化阶段的子阶段研究;并拓展向不同障碍类型、不同治疗方法的当事人,以及新的研究领域(如药物治疗,移民丧失)。在未来的研究中,可以进行跨文化的研究来对此模型进行验证,也可以对模型有关治疗改变线性过程的潜在假设进行验证,或针对声音方面展开深入研究。

Assimilation model is a theoretical model concerning the change process of psychotherapy. It incorporates the ideas from different theorists, establishing an integrated framework to explain the general change process of psychotherapy. According to the assimilation model, the change process of psychotherapy undergoes eight predictable stages. The presence of the eight stages and their developmental process has been empirically supported by a series of studies. The existing findings also show the differences in the patterns of assimilation process among different therapists and in the effect of different type of therapy on the clients at differing assimilation stages. In addition, prior researchers have made attempt to refine their studies by expanding their interest to the specific markers and substages of the assimilation process, to different mental disorders, and treatments, and to some other new research fields （e.g. pharmacotherapy, loss in immigration）. Future studies may focus on a） cross-cultural examination on the cultural adaptability of the model; b） the examination of the potential hypothesis of the model on the linear process of change, and c） the voices.