电极材料和直径对真空电弧电压和阳极活动影响的实验研究

Experimental Study on Effects of Electrode Materials and Diameter on the High-current Vacuum Arc Voltage and Anode Activities

电极间的燃弧过程能够反映真空开关的开断特性及机制,采用实验手段分析和研究了不同电极直径和材料下真空电弧中的电极过程。在可拆卸真空灭弧室中,分别对直径为41、58 mm的纯铜和CuCr30的杯状纵向磁场电极进行了间距10 mm的大电流(有效值为10、12.5、15及17.5 kA)燃弧实验,用高速摄影仪拍摄电极间的电弧形态和阳极活动,并测量了电弧电压波形。以实验测量为基础,分析研究了真空电弧在不同电极直径以及铜和CuCr30材料下的电弧电压特性、阳极活动特性。实验结果表明:电极直径和材料与真空开关的开断性能有着密切的关系;随着电极间直径增大,电弧电压减小,电弧稳定、扩散态好,阳极斑点形成的电流阀值高,电极的开断能力较大。

The performance of vacuum arc with different electrode diameter and materials were investigated experimentally.High-current（10？kA rms,12.5？kA rms,15？kA rms,17.5？kA rms）vacuum arc experiments were conducted in a detachable vacuum chamber for cup axial magnetic field（AMF） contacts with the electrode gaps of 10？mm.The electrode diameter were 41 and 58？mm,and the electrode materials were copper and CrCu30.The vacuum arc performance was observed with the high-speed CCD video camera,and the arc voltage waveforms were recorded simultaneously.Based on the experimental measurement,the high-current vacuum arc voltage and characteristics of anode activities on AMF contacts with different electrode diameter and materials were analyzed.Experimental results showed that electrode diameter and materials are closely related to the breaking capacity.Arc voltage gradually increases and arc tends to be stable and the current of anode spots formed was larger with increasing of the electrode diameter.