摘要
本研究通过对"藕-鱼"、"菱-鱼"共生种养结合模式下莲藕、南湖菱生长发育、品质及食品安全性的比较,研究了不同种养结合模式下水生蔬菜的生长发育、品质等的差异。结果表明:低洼田湿地农业"藕-鱼"共生种养结合模式莲藕的生长发育、产品商品性较单种藕对照有所提高,"莲藕-鲫鱼、黄颡"、"莲藕-黄颡、泥鳅"和"莲藕-乌鳢"3种种养模式较单种对照莲藕叶片长增加1.2%~38.2%,叶片宽增加-8.6%~30.9%,叶柄长增加10.1%~33.2%;莲藕的产品商品性较单种对照明显提高,全藕重较单种对照增加19.0%~77.8%,最大藕节重增加22.0%~77.5%;营养品质中,3种模式种养结合后莲藕产品淀粉含量较单种藕对照增加23.3%~34.0%,"莲藕-鲫鱼、黄颡"和"莲藕-黄颡、泥鳅"两种模式中粗蛋白含量分别较单种对照提高5.4%和47.3%,氨基酸总量分别较对照提高11.3%和48.7%,但"莲藕-乌鳢"模式中,莲藕产品的粗蛋白含量和氨基酸总量均较单种对照略有降低。"菱-鳖"种养结合模式中,虽然南湖菱的营养品质较鱼塘单种菱对照略有下降,但南湖菱的生长发育性状和商品性均有提高,"菱-乌鳢"种养结合对南湖菱生长发育虽有一定抑制作用,但产品商品性、营养品质较对照也均有所提升。"植-鱼"共生种养结合,对莲藕和南湖菱的食品安全性指标包括农药残留以及有毒重金属含量等均无明显影响。
As an innovative farming system,integrated "plant-fish" farming has since 2010 developed rapidly in the lowland areas of North Zhejiang Province.This region generally lies in very low altitudes.To optimize integrated aquatic vegetable cultivation in "plant-fish" farming systems,a comparative experiment was carried out in two farms.The growth,quality and food security of Nelumbo nucifera and Trapa acornis in different integrated aquaculture farming systems were analyzed.The results showed that the growth and development,commodity feature and quality of N.nucifera improved in integrated "plant-fish" farming systems.Compared with monocropping system of N.nucifera(control),"plant-fish" integrated farming systems increased N.nucifera leaf length,leaf width and petiole length by 1.2%~38.2%,-8.6%~30.9% and 10.1%~33.2%,respectively.Similarly,N.nucifera commodity features improved under integrated "plant-fish" farming systems.Total tuber weight and maximum tuber node weight of N.nucifera in "plant-fish" integrated farming systems increased by 19.0%~77.8% and 22.0%~77.5%,respectively,compared with the control.N.nucifera nutritional quality also improved.N.nucifera contents of starch,protein and total amino acids in "N.nucifera-Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus" farming system increased by 34.0%,47.3% and 48.7%,respectively,compared with the control.Also those in "N.nucifera-Carassius auratus and P.fulvidraco" system were respectively 23.3%,5.4% and 11.3% higher than those in the control.In "N.nucifera-Ophicephalus argus" system,N.nucifera starch content was 31.1% higher than that in the control.However,the contents of protein and total amino acids decreased respectively by 20.4% and 5.3% over the control.The results also showed that in "T.acornis-Trionyx sinensis" system,growth,development and commodity features of T.acornis increased significantly.T.acornis leaf and phyllome size was larger than that of the control(monocropped T.acornis in fishpond).Also T.acornis fruit fresh weight was 6.2% higher than the control,but contents of rough protein and total amino acids were 16.0% and 17.0% lower than the control.Under "T.acornis-O.argus" farming system,T.acornis growth and development were lower than those of the control.However,commodity features and nutritional quality were higher,with rough protein and total amino acids contents 3.8% and 2.7% higher than the control.In terms of food security,no significant difference in pesticide residue and heavy metal toxicity in N.nucifera and T.acornis products between integrated "plant-fish" farming and monocroppong systems was noted.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期1643-1649,共7页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
浙江省农业技术推广基金会2011年"创新农作制度深化研究"专项重点项目
浙江省嘉兴市科技局重点科技项目(2012AZ2019)资助
关键词
低洼田
湿地农业
“植-鱼”种养结合
莲藕
南湖菱
生长发育
品质
Lowland areas
Wetland agriculture
Integrated "plant-fish" farming
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn
Trapa acornis Nakano
Growth and development
Quality