放牧强度对新疆褐牛牧食行为影响的初步研究

The Pilot Study on Grazing Behavior of Xinjiang Brown Cattle under Different Grazing Intensities

[目的]在新疆昭苏马场杂类草+丛生禾草的草甸草原上探讨放牧强度对新疆褐牛牧食行为的影响。[方法]采用目标取样法,全天跟踪观察。[结果]新疆褐牛各主要牧食行为所用时间由多到少的顺序依次为采食、卧息、反刍、游走、饮水,其中采食时间所占比重大于60%,排粪、排尿1～3次;随着放牧强度的增加,新疆褐牛的采食时间、游走时间呈升高趋势,而饮水时间、卧息时间、反刍时间、排泄次数均出现降低趋势,且重度放牧对新疆褐牛的反刍时间、游走时间、卧息时间、饮水时间及排粪次数影响较明显(P<0.05);新疆褐牛采食时间与反刍时间、卧息时间之间存在极显著负相关关系,而其排粪次数、反刍时间、静卧时间之间存在显著正相关关系。[结论]采食行为是新疆褐牛主要牧食行为,且放牧强度影响新疆褐牛牧食行为。

[ Objective ] In order to discuss the effect on grazing behavior under different grazing intensity conditions, the grazing behavior of Xinjiang Brown Cattle was observed on the forbs - bunch grass meadow pasture at Zhaosu Horse Ranch in Xinjiang. [ Method ] Target sampling method was used to track cattle in the whole day. [ Result ] The results showed that the grazing behavior duration of Xinjiang Brown Cattle was decreased successively in the sequence of foraging, resting, rumination, wandering, drinking, and foraging behavior was its main grazing behavior, the proportion of foraging duration was more than 60 percent. The times of defecating and urinating were 1 - 3. Xinjiang Brown Cattle prolonged the duration of foraging and wandering, reduced the duration of drinking, resting, rumination and the times of defecating and urinating with the grazing intention increased. The duration of rumination, wandering, resting, drinking and the times of defecating of Xinjiang Brown Cattle were affected more apparently under heavy grazing intention （P 〈 0.05 ）. There was a negative correlation between the duration of foraging and the duration of rumination and resting, and the positive correlation was significant among the duration of rumination, resting and the times of defecating. [ Conclusion ] Foraging behavior was the main grazing behavior of Xinjiang Brown Cattle, and grazing intensity effected their grazing behavior.