城市化中企事业单位空间格局演变及其员工人居生活质量研究

Spatial Distribution of the Enterprises and Living Quanlity of the Employees in the context of Urbanization

以大连市为对象,研究城市化进程中企事业单位分布格局的变化和搬迁特征,分析搬迁单位到城市中心距离的变化与相互间离散程度的变化及搬迁单位运输成本以及员工通勤、业务出行成本的变化和搬迁强度。通过调查,明确员工的住宅选址意愿和通勤出行变化,计算员工可自由支配时间的减少程度,分析员工人居生活质量的下降状况。研究发现:①搬迁前后单位的分布形态差异很大,搬迁后单位呈稀疏分散格局,搬迁单位的运输成本、员工通勤成本和业务出行成本大幅攀升;②只有约4%的员工随单位迁至新址附近居住,大部分员工不愿搬家的主要原因是新址的交通不便和教育条件差;③单位搬迁前后,员工通勤可达性的变化明显,长距离通勤使得员工平均每天减少近2 h的自由可支配时间,员工的人居生活质量大幅度下降。

Taking the relocated enterprises in Dalian as the object, this article focuses on the spatial distribution of the enterprises and the living qualityof the employees in the context of urbanization. The changes of the spatial distribution of the enterprises before and after the relocation are analyzed firstly, including the distance from the city center and their mutual dispersion degree. Moreover, the relocation intensity and the cost changes of transportation, commuting as well as business trips are calculated based on themain relocation directions. Furthermore, through a questionnaire survey, the willingness of the residential relocation of the employees is analyzed, and the main factors influencing their determination of residential relocation are identified. Finally, the changes of the commuting trips, includiiag th.e modal split, the expenses, the time, etc. are explored. And then, the reduced free time and the affected living quality of the employees are studied. Main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, the patterns of the spatial distribut!on are greatly different between the enterprises before and after the relocation. The enterprises are distributed in a sparsely scattered tendency after the relocation. Since the urban space is largely extended, there is a sharp surge in the various costs such as the transportation, the commuting and the business trips. Secondly, only about 4% of the employees move to their new residences near the new locations. The reason for the remaining 96% of the employees not willing to relocate lies in the poor accessibility and the education condition. If the conditions surrounding the new sites meet the require- ments, these employees may move to the new sites. Thirdly, the home-work separation of the employees after the relocation deteriorates and the commuting accessibility changes significantly. Nearly two hours of the daily free time has been wasted for the long distance of commuting, and thus the living quality of the employees has been affected seriously.