苏中地区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型划分

Distribution Patterns Characteristics and Type Classification of the Rural Settlements in Central Jiangsu Province

以江苏中部地区2008年SPOT与TM的融合遥感影像为主要数据源,借助空间分析及聚类分析技术,以网格为单元,分析了苏中地区乡村聚落的格局特征,并对研究区的乡村聚落作了类型划分。结果表明,在规模上,研究区中部的泰州地区乡村聚落密度较低、聚落用地规模大,而其东西两侧的南通地区和扬州市附近地区的乡村聚落密度较高、用地规模较小。在形态格局空间分布上,形状复杂程度和破碎程度较高的乡村聚落位于泰州的南部和南通的沿海地区;而其他地区的乡村聚落形状复杂程度和破碎程度相对较小。在聚落空间邻近特征上,聚落间平均邻近距离的分析表明研究区中部乡村聚落分布较稀疏、离散,东西两侧聚落分布较密集;南通地区的聚落离水系平均距离东南部小、西部大,泰州地区的聚落离水系平均距离小,扬州地区的聚落离水系平均距离西部小、东部大;聚落与道路的空间邻近格局特征不是很明显,但大部分地区聚落至道路的平均距离较小,揭示研究区大多数乡村聚落对内对外联系比较便利。最后,通过系统聚类,并结合聚落的格局特征,将苏中地区乡村聚落划分为里下河湖荡型、沿江沿海滩地型和苏中平原型3种类型;里下河湖荡型为低密度团簇型,沿江沿海滩地型可划分为中密度弧带型和高密度条带型2种亚类型;苏中平原型可划分为低密度团块型、中密度宽带型及高密度散点型3种亚类型。

Based on fused images of both SPOT and TM in 2008 in central Jiangsu Province as the major data sources, the delineation, water, roads, and other spatial information of rural settlements in the research area are achieved via man-machine interactive interpretation. By the spatial analysis and cluster analysis techniques, grids as the ceils, the distribution patterns of rural settlements in central Jiangsu are analyzed, and the catego- ries of rural settlements are classified. The results indicate that： （I） The density of ruraI settlements in the re- search area is high in the east and west, lower in the center. However, land-use scale in settlements presents an opposite pattern. （2） The rural settlements that have a high complexity in shape and high degree of fragmenta- tion are located in the south of Taizhou area and in Nantong coastal areas. However, the complexity and frag- mentation in the south-central region of Yangzhou, north Taizhou, central, west and south Nantong rural settle- ments are very small. （3） The differentiation characteristic of the mean nearest neighbor distance is that the ru- ral settlements have a longer distance in the middle of＇research area, which it indicates that the settlement dis- tribution is sparser and more scattered, the distance of the settlements in the south and east is more nearer, and the distribution of settlements is very concentrated. The distance of the mean nearest neighbor water of the set- tlements in Nantong area is very small in the southeast settlements, large in the west. The distance of the mean nearest neighbor water of the settlements in Yangzhou area is very small in the west, large in the east. The aver- age spatial distribution pattern of the mean nearest neighbor road of the settlements is unapparent. But the aver- age distance of the most settlements from the roads is very small, fro0a which it indicates that it is very conve- nient for the settlement in the areas to have intemal and external contacts. （4） Finally, by means of establishing the measurement index system of the rural settlements, adopting the method of hierarchical cluster, and com- bining with the patterns of rural settlements, the rural settlements of central Jiangsu province are divided into three types： Lixiahe lake type, bottomlands along Yangtze River and Yellow Sea type, and central Jiangsu plain type, Lixiahe lake type is low-density cluster-like. Bottomlands along Yangtze River and Yellow Sea type can be divided into two sub-types, such as medium-density arc-belt type and high-density stripe type. Central Jiang- su plain can be divided into 3 sub-types, such as low-density mass type, medium-density broad-band type, and high-density point-scattered type.