华北型煤田煤炭开采对岩溶水影响方式探讨

Coal Mining Impacting Mode on Karst Water Aquifer in North China Type Coalfields

根据岩溶水系统的补径排条件、煤层分布区与岩溶水补给区的位置关系、地形地貌等因素,将华北型煤田采煤对岩溶含水层影响划分为直接影响型、间接影响型和混合影响型三种类型。直接影响型指岩溶地下水流向与地层倾向相一致,煤层分布区位于岩溶水系统补给区下游,煤层开采不会影响岩溶地下水的补给量,但岩溶水水位高于煤层底板,岩溶水通过构造等薄弱地带直接突涌入矿井,即通过增加岩溶水系统的排泄量而减少岩溶水资源量,主要分布在冀中煤炭基地和河南煤炭基地;间接影响型指岩溶地下水流向与地层倾向相反,煤层分布区位于岩溶水系统补给区的上游,煤层开采引起的地面变形使地表径流转入矿井,进而减少河流向岩溶含水层的渗漏补给量,岩溶地下水水位低于煤层底板标高,奥陶系岩溶水不会进入矿井,煤炭开采仅通过减少补给量而减少岩溶地下水资源量,主要分布在晋东煤炭基地二叠系上组煤;混合影响型两种破坏方式均存在,主要分布在晋东煤炭基地二叠系下组煤。分别以黑龙洞泉域的峰峰矿区和辛安泉域的潞安矿区为例,对直接影响型和间接影响方式进行了说明,并分别提出了三种影响类型的岩溶水保护措施。

Based on the factors of recharge, runoff and discharge conditions, position relationship between coal seam distribution area and karst water recharge area, relief and landscape, divided the impacting mode on karst aquifer in North China type coalfields into three categories： direct impacted, indirect impacted and non-impacted. The direct impacted type is refer to the flow direction of karst groundwater is in consistent with strata dip; coal seam distribution area is situated in the lower reaches of recharge area of karst water system; coal mining will not impact karst groundwater recharge quantity, but karst water level is higher than coal floor; groundwater will flow directly into coal mine through structural weaker zone, that is to say by increase of karst water system discharge quantity reduces karst water resources; this type is mainly distributed in the central Hebei coal base and Henan coal base. The indirect impacted type is refer to the flow direction of karst groundwater is opposition to strata dip; coal seam distribution area is situated in the upper reaches of recharge area of karst water system; surface deformation caused by coal mining making the surface runoff shift into coalmine, and then to reduce percolating water of rivers into karst aquifer; karst water level lower than coal floor, Ordovician karst water will not flow into coalmine; coal mining can only reduces groundwater resources by decreasing recharge quantity; this type is mainly distributed in the Permian System upper coal group in the eastern Shanxi coal base. The hybrid type has both impacting modes, is mainly distributed in the Permian System lower coal group in the eastern Shanxi coal base. Taking the Fengfeng mining area in the Heilongdong springs area and the Luan mining area in the Xinan springs area as examples, narrated the direct and indirect impacting modes, and put forward karst water protecting measures of the three kinds of impacting mode.