红人的绝望挣扎:沃沃卡和1890年鬼舞

Reds' Desperate Struggling about Wovoka and 1890 Ghost Dance

鬼舞是1890年风靡于整个美国西部的一场神秘的宗教运动,由印第安派尤特族先知沃沃卡发起,其预言宣称只要印第安人跳起鬼舞,美国的白人将会全部消失。鬼舞得到爆炸性地传播,但也迅速遭到了美国当局的残酷镇压,引发了著名的"伤膝之战"。文章主要从经济文化和军事方面论述鬼舞盛行的历史根源和背景,以及沃沃卡和鬼舞的由来,从中窥探19世纪末期的印第安人的生活状况及其心理特征。

The Ghost Dance was a mystical religious movement which was popular throughout the western United States in 1890.Indian Paiute prophet Wovoka initiated Ghost Dance, prophecy declared that as long as the Indians danced the Ghost Dance, American whites would all disappear. The Ghost Dance got explosive spread, but quickly suffered from brutal repression by the US authorities, which led to the famous ＂Battle of Wounded Knee＂. This paper mainly discussed the Ghost Dance prevailing historical roots and background from the economic, cultural and military aspects as well as the Wovoka and the origin of the Ghost Dance, which aimed to explore their living status and psychological characteristics at the end of 19th century.