自洁式三级串联的水样在线过滤系统的研制和应用

Development and application of a three-grade self-clean on-line filtration system

基于玻璃纤维对小颗粒物的截留和微孔过滤,以及超声波辅助清洗等方法原理,设计和制作了带反冲洗自洁功能的三级串联在线过滤系统,将滤网(初级)、超声波作用下装填有玻璃纤维的过滤器(二级)、微孔滤管(三级)串联,对较高浊度的环境水样进行在线过滤。评估了模拟水样和实际水样中浊度的去除效果,证明该系统对水样中颗粒物有很好的去除并大幅降低水样浊度。在优化的条件下,原始浊度范围在4～100 NTU的水样经过滤后,浊度均能降至1 NTU以下。以标准方法测定的典型水质指标(活性磷、铵氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮)的浓度为基准,计算水样经所设计的过滤系统处理后,这4种营养盐的回收率一般在85%～130%之间,说明本系统的使用基本不影响目标物的测定。

Based on the filtration principles of turbidity removal with glass fiber, micropore tube, and ultra- sonic assistanted cleaning, a three-grade self-clean on-line filtration system with back-flush function was devel- oped. A screen （first-grade） , a filter filled with glass fiber under ultrasonic （second-grade） and a micropore tube （third-grade） were assembled in series and used for the on-line filtration of high turbidity environmental wa- ter samples. The removal efficiencies on turbidity of simulative and real water samples were evaluated, and the system was found worked well. Under the optimal conditions, the original turbidity of water samples ranged from 4 to 100 NTU could be decreased below 1 NTU after filtration. Taking the concentrations of typical nutrients （or- thopbosphate, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate） determined with standard methods as references, the recoveries of four nutrients from water samples treated with the proposed filtration system were found between 85% and 130% , indicating that the system had almost no effect on determining the target substances.