湿地保护与可持续利用的国际经验借鉴

International Experiences on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Wetland

随着生产力水平的提高以及城市化进程的加剧,我国湿地资源被大力开发利用,逐渐面临面积减少、功能衰退和湿地生态系统受损的困境。本文通过借鉴世界发达国家或地区保护和可持续利用不同类型湿地的成功经验,为国内湿地的保护和利用提出建议:制定湿地保护规划,划分湿地功能区;保护湿地生物资源;实施湿地生态恢复与重建工程;探索可持续利用湿地资源的新思路;适当开发利用泥炭资源;加强湿地资源保护与利用的科学研究;强化湿地知识的宣传、教育与公众参与意识。

With the advancement of productivity and the acceleration of urbanization, the wetland in China has been developed and utilized to a high extent, which resulted in the dilemma of decreased wetland area, declined wetland functions, and damaged wetland ecosystems. This paper took use of the successful experiences of the conservation and sustainable utilization of different kinds of wetlands in developed countries and areas, to propose the following suggestions： development of planning Wetland conservation, division of the wetland into different functional zones, conservation of the biological resource in the wetland, implementation of the projects on ecological restoration and reconstruction, exploration of new ideas of utilizing wetland resources sustainably, develop- ment of the peat resource, reinforcement of the scientific research on conservation and utilization of wetland resources, and raise of the oublic awareness.