科学家刻板印象:研究与启示

Stereotypical Image of Scientists:Research Advance and its Implications

青少年学生群体是我国未来科学发展的储备力量,科学家是科学技术行业的精英形象代表。青少年学生心目中的科学家形象影响着他们科学学习的兴趣和与科学相关职业的认同。实证研究表明,青少年学生所认知的科学家形象总体上较为刻板。以社会建构主义的视角可以看到,这种刻板印象的认知受到其所处的社会文化情境的影响,也存在着文化的差异性。为了树立科学家在学生群体中的积极、正面和可及性形象,提供科学家的榜样角色和提供与科学职业有关的信息是两个重要的途径。针对我国科学教育现状,在向青少年学生传播和塑造科学家形象的过程中,应注意科学研究与科学传播、科普研究与科普实践、主流群体与边缘群体、自然科学与社会科学等的相互结合。

Children are the potential human resources for developing science and technology in the future. How children perceive scientists influence their interests and self-efficacy in science learning and also motivate them to pursue scientific-related careers in the future. The empirical studies show that the stereotypical images of scientists held by children are mediated by the socio-cultural context. Therefore, these images vary in different cultural situations. Role modeling and scientific career information sharing provide the possibility to promote the humane, positive and accessible image of scientists. Considering the contemporary science educational context in China, four principles are worthy to be considered in diminishing negative scientist images. First, scientific research is expected to intertwine with the public by communication rather than being preserved in the ＂ivory tower＂. Second, the research products of science education should be applied in practical teaching and learning processes. Then, the minority group needs to be engaged in the educational context. Lastly, the role of social science in scientific area needs to be weighed as much as natural science.