交际失败的认知语用阐释

Cognitive and Pragmatic Approaches to Communication Failure

提要:交际失败是交际语言学的一个重要研究课题,国内外学者从不同的角度对其进行了研究。但由于概念的界定不同或不准确,造成许多研究对象不同质、研究范围不确定、分类不清甚至矛盾的负面情况出现。本文在认知语用学对言语交际的理解的基础上提出:交际失败是推理性质的,而不是语码性质的;交际失败是言语交际中交际者一方或多方经过推理认定的,不符合交际者意图或预期的交际效果。

A popular topic in communicative linguistics is communication failure, which has been worked on from different perspec- tives. However, because of uncertainty of its definition, communication failure is regarded as different objects with ambiguous classifications within different ranges. Based on the communication theory in communicative linguistics, in this paper, communi- cation failure is regarded as a result of reasoning instead of coding. Within this perspective, communication failure may be de- fined as a communicative effect in conversations that after reasoning at least one of the speakers values it not meeting his/her in- tentions or expectations.