小麦秸秆机械化还田低留茬的农机油耗补贴政策实证研究——以河北省徐水县小麦收割机跟踪调查为例

Research on the Subsidy Policy of Farm Machinery Oil Consumption Cost for Reducing Wheat Straw Leave Stubble Height by Mechanization——A Case Study on Wheat Combined Harvesters Tracking Survey in HeBei Province of XuShui County

近年来,随着我国农业机械化装备水平的不断提高,北方农村小麦主产区的机收水平达到80%以上,小麦秸秆还田率也大幅度上升。然而,河北、河南等粮食主产区,由于燃油价格的不断上涨,以及机械油耗成本费用过高等原因,小麦秸秆机械化还田低留茬的农艺措施未能大面积推广。为了彻底解决降低麦茬高度所引起的油耗成本增加和作业效率下降的问题,本研究在徐水县开展了留茬高度对收割机效率及油耗成本影响跟踪实验,摸清了不同留茬高度对于收割效率及耗油成本的影响,为制定针对专业农机手的油耗费用补贴标准提供实验参考数据。此外,结合国内相关领域的研究成果,提出了推广小麦低留茬农艺措施的农机油耗补贴政策建议。

In recent years,with the improvement of China＇s agricultural mechanization equipment levels,the mechanized harvesting level has been above 80% in the main production of wheat of northern countryside.However,because of rising fuel prices and the high fuel consumption cost,the agronomic measures that reducing the leave stubble height in the process of wheat-straw returned field by mechanization（WSRFM） has not been applied and disseminated widely.The study carries out the tracking experiments and founds out the influence of leave stubble height to the harvester operation efficiency and fuel consumption cost.Then draws up the subsidies standards of fuel consumption fees for farm machinery operators.Finally combining with the related research,puts forwards the policy suggestions on promoting agronomic measures of reducing the leave stubble height.