中美制造业服务投入率的比较分析——基于投入产出表的实证研究

A Comparative Analysis on the Ratio of Service Input between China and USA:Empirical Analysis based on Input-output Tables

文章利用中国1992-2007年以及美国1972-2009年间相关年份的投入产出表进行分析,发现美国制造业、服务业、居民消费、政府消费的服务投入率总体呈稳定增长态势,而中国1992年以来服务业的服务投入率稳定不变,制造业的服务投入率甚至有所下降。这意味着中国服务业增长仍缺少来自于产业尤其是制造业中间需求的强力拉动,这是制约中国服务业尤其是生产服务业发展的重要原因。中国生产服务业的发展政策不仅要扩大供给,更应充分释放和激活国内各产业尤其是制造业对中间服务的需求,以扭转中国在国际产业分工中的不利地位,推进服务业的体制改革以及营造更为良好的市场环境,这应该成为政策制订的着力点。

Based on the input-output tables in China and USA in different years, this paper finds that the ratio of service input in the manufacturing sector, service sector, personal consumption expenditures and government expenditures of USA keeps rising since 1972, whereas the ratio of service input in manufacturing sector in China keeps going down since 1992. That means the growth of service sector in China lacks strong demand from manufacturing sectors, and that is the main obstacle which limits the further development of production services in China. Therefore, improving the status of China in international division of labor among industries, furthering the reform of service mechanism and system and to create better market environment should become the priority in policy-making.