大学生职业生涯探索的特点研究

Research on the Characteristics of Career Exploration in College Students

职业生涯探索是大学生的重要任务之一,是指个体在一定信念和态度的引导下,通过对自我和环境进行探索,不断协调自我发展与现实情况之间的关系,以获得职业生涯目标的过程。本研究以391名大一到大四的学生为被试,考察大学生职业生涯探索的特点。结果如下:(1)大学生职业生涯探索存在学校类型、年级、性别和城乡差异。环境探索和探索意向维度表现出显著的学校类型差异;职业生涯探索各个维度上的年级差异均显著;匹配度探索与探索信念上性别差异显著;探索信念、自我探索和探索意向上存在城乡差异。(2)大学生职业生涯探索可以划分为三种类型:积极探索型、一般型和消极探索型,所占比例分别为26%、50%和24%。

Career exploration is one of the most important tasks for college students. It has been referred to as a negotiating process, which sustains between self and environment exploration in order to attain career goals. 391 college students were used as participants to explore the characteristics of career exploration. Results are revealed as following. （1） Significant differences of career exploration were found among uni- versities, grades, gender and regional types. University level differences were significant in regard to envi- ronment exploration and exploration intention; significant grade differences were found for all the dimen- sions; gender differences were significant in matching exploration and exploration belief; there were signif- icant rural-urban differences in belief, self-exploration and exploration intention. （2）This research identi- fied three distinct career exploration types： positive exploration, normal exploration and negative explora- tion with the ratio to be 26%, 50% and 24% respectively.