多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物效应研究现状与展望

Current research situation and prospect of microorganism response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil

多环芳烃(PolycyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)是土壤中典型的持久性有机污染物之一,具有强烈的致癌、致畸和致突变效应。土壤微生物既可以降解有机污染物,修复受污染的土壤,又可以敏感地反映土壤环境质量的变化,在土壤污染修复和生物指示方面应用广泛。该文从土壤环境质量表征的微生物学指标和微生物对土壤污染物的降解与修复两个主要方面,综述了PAHs污染土壤的微生物研究现状,包括微生物活性和多样性作为PAHs污染土壤的生物指示,PAHs高效降解菌株筛选,微生物降解PAHs的途径和修复方法等。针对目前研究中存在的问题,提出了研究展望,旨在为研究土壤微生物对PAHs污染土壤的生物响应机制和修复机理提供参考。

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are the most persistent organic pollutants with strong carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effect in soil. Soil microbe can not only degrade organic pollutants and restore contaminated soil, but also sensitively reflect the changes of soil environment quality, thus widely applied in bioremediation and bio-indicator of soil pollution. Microbial degradation and restoration of organic pollutants contaminated soii, and the microbial indicators of soil environment quality were summarized in this paper： Present research situations including soil microbial activity and diversity as the indicators of PAHs polluted soil; screening of highly efficient degradation bacteria and microbial degradation pathway, as well as the remediation technology and methods of PAHs contaminated soil were discussed. According to the problems existing in the present studies, the future research prospect was advocated to provide critical facts for exploring response and remediation mechanism of soil micro-organism to PAHs contaminated soil.