“幸福的艺术”:庄子与禅佛教

“Art of Happiness”: Zhuang Zi and Zen Buddhism

庄子与禅佛教的幸福论包含四个方面:顺生、适意、无执、中观。所谓顺生,就是接受并且顺应我们每个人生而有之的有限性,幸福的实现就在每个个体的有限性存在之中。适意指的是个体幸福的独特性,强调每种生命类型都可以体现与实现幸福。然而,无论顺生或者适意都不能涵盖个体追求幸福的全部内容,真正的或完满的幸福还包括无执与中观。无执的幸福要求彻底泯消一切差别,包括泯消个体我的"有执",这其实是一种超越了世间的有执幸福才能体验到的幸福。但对于庄子和禅佛教来说,最高义的或胜谛义的"幸福"是中观的幸福,这是一种既包括有执的世间幸福,又包括无执的出世间的幸福的幸福。而这才可以称得上完满意义上的幸福。

Happiness in Zhuang Zi's philosophy and in Zen Buddhism consists of four aspects: First,Shunsheng which means the acceptance of the inborn limitations of each individual while the realization of happiness lies in the limited existence of each individual.Second,Shiyi which means the uniqueness of individual happiness while every kind of life can embody and realize happiness.However,the first two cannot cover all the contents of individual happiness.Third,Wuzhi which means the abolishment of all differences and transcends all the earthly individual happiness.Fourthly,Zhongguan which means the highest happiness that covers all the earthly happiness and beyond.