论体育政策和健康政策协同的复杂性——英国经验借鉴

The Complexity of the Coordination of Sports Policy and Health Policy from Britain

研究目的:一是审视大众体育政策的基本假设或核心目标,即改善国民健康;二是借鉴英国的案例证明体育政策和健康政策协同的复杂性。研究发现:几乎所有的研究都支持这样的观点,即我们谈论体育对健康有益的时候,所指的并不是运动而是身体活动或体力活动。但是身体活动和体育是不尽相同的。体育本身是竞争性的,许多体育运动都是一场模拟战事,身体对抗和侵犯是其核心特征。这些社会差异会带来不同的健康结果,例如经常提到的运动损伤风险。大众体育政策目的是改善国民健康状况,应该更多地思考我们应该鼓励民众参与哪些类型的身体活动。与体育有关的政策决策具有复杂性和断裂性特征,并且缺少与健康政策的协同。

The aim of this research is to examine critically the assumption underlying a central objective of many ＂Sport for all＂ program, namely to improve people＇s health; and to illustrate some of the complexities involved in the administration of sports policy and in coordinating sports policy with health policy. It is argued that almost all the studies which are cited to support the idea that sport is good for health, which referring not to sport but to physical activity or exercise. But physical activity and sport are not the same. The paper explores some of the key social differences between sport and physical activity--for example the fact that sport is inherently competitive and that many sports are mock battles in which aggression and the use of physical violence are central characteristics-,and examines some of the health consequences of these social differences, for example in the terms of the injury risks. The complexity and fragmentation of policy making in rela2 tion to sport and the lack of coordination with health policy are illustrated.