二战后日本青少年课外体育活动的政策及启示

The Policy and Inspiration of Japanese Teenager Sports Extracurricular Activity after the World War Ⅱ

二战后日本青少年课外体育活动主要以学校运动部、体育少年团和综合型地域体育俱乐部为载体,这三个青少年课外体育活动组织对保障日本青少年体质健康发挥了重要作用。在社会发展的不同时期,日本政府通过不断调整政策内容,来促进学校运动部、体育少年团和综合型地域体育俱乐部的建设与发展。政策的更迭为我们展示了日本青少年课外体育活动的发展脉络,其卓有成效地利用社会资源、导入指定管理者制度、确立NPO法人身份、预防过度竞技和重视青少年体育组织建设等方面的政策措施,为我国青少年课外体育活动的制度和组织建设提供了有益的启示。

After World War II, Japanese teenagers mainly participate in sports activities after class by sports department of school, the Junior Sports Clubs Association and the comprehensive regional sports club. These three organizations play an important role in the protection of the development of physical health for Janpanese youth. The Japanese Government continue adjust the policy to promote the construction and development of the Sports Department of School, the youth community sports group and comprehensive regional sports clubs during different periods of social development. Policy changes show us the process of the development of Japanese teenag- er sports extracurricular activity, and it provides useful inspiration for the devolopment of our teenager sports club by effectively using social resources, leading--in designated manager system, establishing the legal identity of the NPO and prevention of excessive sompetitive sports.