中国信访制度:困境与变革

The China's Petition System:Dilemma and Transformation

面对第五次"信访洪峰"所带来的中国信访制度新困境,"取消论"、"强化论"、"整合论"等解决方案应运而生。然而,这些方案或忽视了当前中国信访实情而幻想健全的"法治"能一招奏效,或迷信于构建"大信访格局"的强化扩权思路而僭越了现有政府的职权,或崇尚制度的创新却对信访根本问题置若罔闻。究中国信访制度的本质,其政治意义超越了法律意义:信访并非法律意义上的基本权利,但却因政治因素而成为了当今中国的纠纷解决机制中举足轻重的权利救济途径。中国信访制度既应定位为"宪政体制下的辅助政制",则其变革思路在于:明确并回归其辅助政制的本位——完善政治表达功能、逐渐削减并最终取消权利救济功能,从而巩固核心政制在国家宪政体系中应有的地位。

Faced with the China＇s new petition system dilemma brought by the fifth ＂Peak complaint＂,solutions like the ＂cancellation theory＂＂enforcement theory＂＂integration theory＂ and so on emerge as the times require.However,these solutions may daydream that a ＂sound law system＂ would immediately？ works neglecting China＇s current petition condition,or get superstitious in the thought of building a ＂super petition pattern＂ while exceeding the current authority or adore innovation of system without any notice of the fundamental petition problems.In terms of the essence of the petition system,the political significance surpasses the legal significance;the petition is not a fundamental right in law,but it has become an important way of rights remedy in current China＇s？ alternative dispute resolution.The China＇s petition system should be oriented as elementary political system in the constitutionalism.The renovation ways lie in the clarification and the returning to the supplementary political system——＂optimizing the political expression,gradually weakening and finally cancelling the function of rights remedy so that proper position of the core political system in the constitutionalism can be strengthened＂.