水阳江、青弋江、漳河流域洪灾成因及防洪对策

Cause analysis of flood disasters in several river basins and their flood control countermeasures

水阳江、青弋江、漳河是长江下游南岸的重要支流 ,该流域地处长江三角洲上游 ,地跨皖、苏两省 ,区内经济发展水平较高。但由于该区洪、涝灾害频繁 ,进入 90年代后 ,连续发生 1991、1995、1996、1998、1999年大或特大洪水 ,严重制约了该地区的经济发展。从暴雨特性及防洪工程现状等方面分析其洪涝灾害原因主要有 :①上游山区雨量大、强度高的暴雨及对区间洪水不能完全控制 ;②中下游河道泄洪能力严重不足 ;③中游地区湖泊不能发挥有效的滞蓄洪水作用 ;④现有堤防防洪标准低 ,挤占河道现象普遍致使泄洪不畅 ;⑤三江出口中的芜湖、当涂两江口缺乏建闸控制 ,常出现长江干流洪水顶托甚至倒灌 ,加重了中下游地区的洪水灾害。根据以上原因并结合 90年代出现的新的雨情、水情、工情及治理条件 ,效果等实际情况 ,提出了防洪治理的对策措施。

Shuiyang, Qingyi and Zhanghe rivers are southern downstream important tributaries of Yangtze River. These river basins are all located in the upstream of the Yangtze Delta, and spread over two provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu, with their economy developing at a high level. Because of frequent flood and water logging disasters, with great or catastrophic flood successively occurring in 1995,1996,1998 and 1999, the economic development in these areas are seriously restricted. From analyzing characteristics of the storms and the status quo of flood control works in these areas, the following reasons for the flood and water logging disasters are found:① storms occurred with great rainfall amount and rainfall intensity in upstream areas, and intervening floods could not be fully controlled; ② flood discharging capacities of middle and lower river channels are badly insufficient;③ lakes in middle and lower areas could not play roles to retard and store flood;④ flood control standards of existing river dykes are very low, and river channels are partly occupied, resulting in flood travel being retarded;⑤ there are no sluices in the two river mouths of Wuhu and Dangtu among the exits of the three tributaries, floods in the main channel of Yangtze River often backed up the flood levels of the three tributaries, even inversely flowed into them, aggravating flood disasters in the middle and lower areas of the three tributaries. Some countermeasares for flood control are proposed according to the above reasons and in consideration of new rainfall regime, water regime and practical conditions, etc.