美国华人的多元认同及中国民众的反应——以骆家辉为例的分析

Multiple Identities of Chinese Americans and Responses from Chinese in China's Mainland: A Case Study of Gary Locke

自2011年3月9日骆家辉被总统奥巴马正式提名为美国驻华大使数月,中美两国舆论都予以了热评,甚至出现了争论。从作者联合调查机构在侨乡广东所做的电话调查结果看,中国民众对骆家辉任驻华大使大多感到自豪,但有近半数人不认同骆家辉"百分百美国人"的讲话。中国舆论对于骆家辉任驻华大使出现了争论,就其原因,除了骆家辉的言行外,也由于中国人对其多重认同的不理解。就"多重认同",作者认为,美国华人一方面存在对全球社会、属籍国、祖国等多重对象的认同,另一方面存在族裔认同、国家认同、政治认同、文化认同等的多样性。正是因为美国华人的多重认同特征,他们既是美国的软实力资源,也可能成为中国的软实力资源,关键是能否实现共赢。由此,中美两国政府应该鼓励他们在中美交流、相互理解及合作中发挥更大的积极作用。

The nomination of Gary Locke by President Obama as the new U.S.Ambassador to China on March 9,2011 stirred up a heated discussion and even caused disputes in China's Mainland.This paper analyses multiple identities of Chinese Americans and responses from Chinese in China's Mainland through the case study of Gary Locke based on the findings of telephone survey in Guangdong,which was co-conducted by the author and an opinion research centre.The telephone survey findings show that majority of the respondents are proud of the appointment of Gary Locke,but nearly half are dissatisfied with his words like '100 Percent American support'.The author holds that the debates on the appointment are because that Chinese in China's Mainland can't understand the multiple identification of Chinese Americans as well as what Gary Locke said and did.The author argues that Chinese Americans acknowledge themselves as members of the global society,host country and motherland etc.,and have different kinds of identities such as national identity,political identity,ethnic identity and cultural identity.The author concludes that Chinese Americans may become assets of soft power of both U.S.and China because of the multiple identities,the key is a win-win thinking,which indicates that both governments should encourage Chinese Americans play greater positive roles in communication,mutual understanding and cooperation between U.S.and China.