论虚无主义的历史主义根基——兼论施特劳斯的海德格尔批判

Studying on the Historical Base of Nihilism:On Heidegger Critique of Leo Strauss

海德格尔根植于现代历史主义的观念,认为永恒的理念和超验上帝都基于对存在本身的误读,从而将一切思想理解成时间历史中的生存性解释。由于取消了哲学基础和上帝观念的合法性地位,海德格尔否定了道德哲学,其思想中也没有政治哲学的地位。因此,海德格尔将历史主义推到极端,一切都变成了某个历史时刻的决断,现代人行动赖以遵从的习俗、规范的道德根基丧失了逻辑地平,历史主义走向了虚无主义。因此,要真正克服虚无主义,走向非理性的存在主义是个不归路。只有从理性主义的内部,从前现代的古典理性传统中寻求资源,恐怕是目前抗击虚无主义的最好选择。

By rooting in modern historicism,Heidegger thought that the eternal idea and transcendentalism god are misunderstanding on the existence of itself.Thus Heidegger explained all thoughts in the history.Heidegger negatived moral philosophy and political philosophical due to the elimination of the philosophical foundation and the concept of god.Therefore,Heidegger extremelized historicism and made every thought become a historical decisions.Due to eliminating the base of the regulation and the customs of complying with the modern action,Heidegger pushed historicism to nihilism.Therefore,to really overcoming nihilism,the irrational existentialism is a struggle.So seeking resources from interior of the classic rational tradition is the best choice of combating nihilism.