冯梦龙的小说理论

Feng Menglong's Novel Theory

冯梦龙为"三言"所作的三篇序,每篇重点论述一个问题,各篇又相互勾连补充,形成了自己的小说理论体系。《古今小说叙》首次提出通俗演义起源于说话艺术,与唐人传奇相比,通俗演义从语言到内容都通俗易懂,可以为普通百姓所接受和欣赏,发挥更大的社会作用。《警世通言叙》探讨了小说创作中生活真实与艺术虚构的关系问题,提出了"人不必有其事,事不必丽其人"的虚构方法,虚构要做到"事真而理不赝,即事赝而理亦真"。故事小说可以虚构,历史小说则要严守史实。《醒世恒言叙》提出了"醒世说",冯梦龙对晚明"浊乱之世"痛心疾首,要用通俗演义来警醒世人,扭转乾坤。通俗小说要达到醒世的目的,首先要有健康的内容,还得遵循小说的特殊规律。

Feng Menglong composed three prefaces for his own novels San Yah. Though each preface focused on one question, they connected closely with and complemented each other, forming Feng＇s own novel theoretical system. The Prefaces of Ancient and Contemporary Novels first proposed the Popular Romance was originated in the art of speaking, compared to the Tang Dynasty folktales, the Popular Romance language to content are easy for or- dinary people to understand, and to accept and appreciate, playing a greater role in the society. The Preface of Jingshitongyaa explores the relationship between real life and artistic fiction, Feng used the fictional method that the figure does not have to experience such events, and such events do not have to happen to the figure. ＂ Fiction should be composed to the rule that when event is real, the reason should not be pseudo; while the event is pseudo, the reason should also be. true. The story of the novel may be fictional, but historical novel should be based on strict historical facts. The ＂Preface of Xingshihengyan put forward the ＂theory of awakening the world,＂ Feng Menglong bitterly felt the turbid and chaos of the late Ming Dynasty, he wanted to use the Popular Romance to alert the world to turn things around. To achieve the purpose of awakening the world, the popular fiction should be created with a good content, but also have to follow the laws of the novel.