论孟称舜“词足达情”的戏曲审美观

Meng Chengshun's Drama Aesthetics of "Words Fully Expressing Emotion"

"词足达情"是晚明戏曲家孟称舜所提出的一种戏曲审美观念。这种戏曲审美观强调无论是戏曲创作,还是戏曲鉴赏、批评,都应该"词足达情",即无论写景、叙事,曲词宾白抑或情节关目,戏曲艺术都应该将"传情"作为第一要务。如果"词足达情",那么作品在艺术风格上就会呈现"浑厚"的特点,否则就会"俊而薄"。孟称舜的这种认识基于"汤、沈之争"而提出,符合戏曲艺术的美学追求,在中国古典戏曲理论史上独树一帜,有着非常重要的地位。

＂Words fully expressing emotion＂ is a dramatic aesthetic concept proposed by Meng Chengshun inLate Ming Dynasty, which stresses the drama creation, drama appreciation and criticism should fully express the e-motion. That is to say, the scene description, narrative, singing, dialogue or the design of the plot, should all take＂showing feelings＂ as the top priority. If script can fully express the emotion, the artistic style will be ＂vigorous,otherwise it would be ＂charming but weak. ＂ This view was based on the contestation between Tang and Shen and isvery important and unique in the history of Chinese traditional drama.