斑节对虾家系氨氮耐受性的比较

Comparison of tolerance to ammonia-N in Penaeus monodon families

以非洲(F)、泰国(T)、印尼(Y)3个地理群体的野生斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)为亲本构建家系,通过96 h氨氮急性毒性试验对其中45个家系进行氨氮耐受性的比较研究。结果表明,在96 h高氨氮的胁迫下各家系的死亡率为15.56%～100%,斑节对虾家系间对氨氮的耐受性差异极显著(P<0.01)。其中死亡率低于30%的高氨氮耐受性家系有7个,死亡率在30%～60%的中等氨氮耐受性家系有29个,死亡率高于60%的低氨氮耐受性家系9个。不同父本和母本来源的家系氨氮耐受性由高到低分别为来源非洲、印尼和泰国。不同交配组合氨氮耐受性由高到低分别为F♀×F♂、Y♀×Y♂、Y♀×T♂、T♀×Y♂和T♀×T♂。对印尼和泰国杂交组合家系的氨氮耐受性进行杂交优势分析,结果表明,杂交组合在氨氮耐受性表现出一定的杂交优势(1.98%～19.80%),其中Y♀×T♂组合的杂交优势高于T♀×Y♂组合。

We established families based on 3 different geographic populations of wild Penaeus monodon from Africa （F） , Thailand （T） and Indonesia （Y）, and compared their tolerance to ammonia-N by a 96-hour acute toxicity test. The results show that the mor- talities of those families were 15.56% -100% under high ammonia-N （30.0 mg.L-1） stress in 96 h, and very significant difference was found among different families （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Seven families （ mortalities are lower 30% ） had high tolerance to ammonia-N ; twen- ty-nine families （ mortalities are 30% - 60% ） had medium tolerance ; nine families （ mortalities are higher than 60% ） had low toler- ance. The tolerance to ammonia-N of families established based on different male and female parents from high to low is Africa, Indo- nesia and Thailand ; that of different mate combinations from high to low is F ♀ × F ♂, Y ♀ × Y ♂ , Y ♀ ×T ♂ , T ♀ ×Y ♂and T ♀×T ♂. The tolerances to ammonia-N of the hybrid combinations between Indonesia and Thailand populations （T ♀ × Y ♂ and Y ♀ × T ♂） were 1.98% and 19. 8% , respectively. The study provides references for the selective breeding of P. monodon lines with high tolerance to ammonia-N.