1960年苏联援华军事专家撤走情况及影响

The Retreat of Soviet Military Experts in China in 1960 and Effect Analysis

由于中苏两国两党之间在意识形态、政治路线和外交方针方面出现了分歧,1960年7月16日,苏联政府单方面发布照会,宣布撤回全部在华苏联专家。7月31日,中国政府向苏联递交了复照。为了让苏联军事专家了解回国的真实原因,8月4日,中国正式对苏联军事专家宣读了两国的照会。之后,苏联军事专家的撤回工作正式开始,至8月底全部在华苏联军事专家都返回了苏联。苏联在中国完全没有准备的前提下单方面撤回全部在华军事专家,对中国国防工业的发展带来了一定的影响:对常规武器装备的生产与发展冲击甚微,在一定程度上延缓了战略尖端武器的研制,但未能影响中国军事教育与人才培养的全局工作。

Because of the differences of the ideology,political road and diplomatic policy between China and Soviet,the Soviet government unilaterally released note and announced the retreat of all Soviet experts in China on July 16,1960.On July 31,Chinese government presented a reply to the Soviet Union.In order to let the Soviet military experts know the real reason of retreat,China officially read the notes of the two countries to the Soviet military experts on August 4.Later,Soviet military experts' retreat began and until the end of August all Soviet military experts in China had returned to the Soviet Union.The retreat of all Soviet military experts in China brought certain influence on China's defense industry development;make little effect on the production and development of conventional weapons equipment,delay the research and manufacture of strategic sophisticated weapons to a certain extent and fail to influence the overall work of Chinese military education and talents training.