西宁地区218例儿童病毒性脑炎监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of 218 children with viral encephalitis in Xining city

目的:了解引起西宁地区儿童病毒性脑炎的病原学特征和流行病学特点。方法:选择青海省妇女儿童医院和青海省红十字医院为监测医院,以临床诊断为病毒性脑炎的儿童病例为监测对象采集脑脊液,采用Real-time PCR方法检测乙脑病毒(JEV)、肠道病毒(EV)、腮腺炎病毒(MV)以及单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ+Ⅱ型(HSVⅠ+Ⅱ)。结果:218例病毒性脑炎患儿中男性142例,女性76例,其中肠道病毒核酸阳性12份,占整个阳性标本构成比的75.00%,检出率为5.50%;腮腺炎病毒核酸阳性2份,占整个阳性标本构成比的12.50%,检出率为0.92%;单纯疱疹病毒I+II型核酸阳性脑脊液2份,占整个阳性标本构成比的12.50%,检出率为0.92%;乙型脑炎病毒未检测出核酸阳性标本。5～10岁组儿童发病最多,占全部阳性病例构成比的62.50%;病毒性脑炎患儿核酸检测阳性病例主要出现在夏秋季。结论:西宁地区儿童病毒性脑炎的主要致病病原体为肠道病毒,其次为腮腺炎病毒和单纯疱疹病毒,肠道病毒主要发生在夏秋季,今后应加强儿童病毒性脑炎的监测和防治。

Objective： To understand the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of viral encephalitis in children in Xining city. Methods： The children with viral encephalitis as clinical diagnosis were selected from Qinghai Women and Children＇s Hospital and Qinghai Red Cross Hospital as monitoring objects, then the samples of cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） were obtained, reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction （RT -PCR） was used to detect Japanese encephalitis virus （JEV）, enterovirus （EV）, mumps virus （MV）, and her- pes simplex virus type I and II （ HSV I and HSV II） . Results： Among 218 children with viral encephalitis from Qinghai city, 142 children were boys and 76 children were girls ; twelve children were found with positive EV, accounting for 75.00% of the total positive samples, the detection rate was 5.50% ; two children were found with positive MV, accounting for 12. 50% of the total positive samples, the detection rate was 0. 92% ; two children were found with positive HSV I and HSV II, accounting for 12. 50% of the total positive samples, the detection rate was 0. 92% ; none was found with positive JEV. The incidence of viral encephalitis in 5 - 10 - year - old children group was the highest, accounting for 62. 50% of the total positive cases; most of the children with viral encephalitis were found in summer and autumn. Conclusion： The major pathogen of viral encephalitis in children in Xining city was EV, followed by MV and HSV, most of the children with viral encephalitis were found in summer and autumn; the monitoring, prevention, and treatment of viral encephalitis in Children should be strengthened in future.