兰州市学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态的调查分析

Investigation and analysis on visual acuity of preschool children and refraction in Lanzhou city

目的:了解兰州市城区学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态,为防治屈光不正提供依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取10所幼儿园2 754例3～6岁学龄前儿童,应用儿童图形视力表和标准对数视力表检查视力,采用美国伟伦公司Sure-sight手持自动验光仪进行屈光检查。结果:调查对象男、女童弱视检出率均为13.9%,男、女童弱视检出率均随年龄增长而下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查对象屈光状态类型以单纯远视、混合散光和复性远视散光为主,分别占36.5%、30.1%、27.6%,随着年龄增加复性远视散光人数逐渐减少,而单纯远视人数逐渐增加。结论:学龄前儿童视力及屈光是儿童眼保健的重要指标,了解各年龄视力及屈光状况可以发现存在的问题,以便采取综合干预措施控制弱视及弱视的发生。

Objective： To investigate the current situation of visual acuity and refraction in preschool children from urban areas of Lanzhou city, and provide a basis for prevention and treatment of ametropia. Methods ： A total of 2 754 preschool children aged 3 - 6 years old were selected from l0 kindergartens in Lanzhou city by random cluster sampling method, symbol chart for visual test and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart were used to examine visual acuity, Suresight hand - held refractometer （ Made in USA） was used for examination of refraction. Results： The detection rates of amblyopia in boys and girls both were 13.9% , which decreased with age, and there was statistically significant difference. The main types of ametropia in the survey objects were simple hyperopia, mixed astigmatismm, and hyperopia combined with astigmatismm, accounting for 36. 5% , 30. 1% , and 27. 6%, respectively; the number of children with hyperopia combined with astigmatismm decreased with age, but the number of children with simple hyperopia increased with age. Conclusion： Visual acuity and refraction in preschool children are important indexes to evaluate the stats of eye health care, understanding the status of visual acuity and refraction in preschool children of different age groups can fine the existing problems, then comprehensive intervention measures can be carried out to control the degree and occurrence of amblyopia.