劳动力市场的结构变迁与动态特征——求职过程的宏观分析

The Structure Changes and Dynamic Characteristics of the Labor Market: A Macro Analysis on the Process of Individual Job Search

我国劳动力市场的变迁经历了再分配经济、双轨制经济、快速转型和全面市场化四个时期。这一变迁在宏观上表现为劳动力市场基本动态特征的变化,在微观上表现为个体求职过程中求职渠道的变化。基于对八城市社会网络与职业经历调查数据的分析发现,随着市场改革的深化,劳动力市场的体制不确定性下降,市场竞争程度和劳动力管理的规范性不断上升,市场渠道替代科层渠道成为个体求职的主导渠道,但是,关系主义规范的作用空间并未因此受到压制,网络渠道作为市场与科层渠道的补充仍被普遍使用。同时,求职者因职业阶层、体制类型、入职时期的不同,其求职渠道和所面对的劳动力市场特征也会发生分化。

Changes in China＇s labor market have experienced four periods as following： a redistribution economy period,a dual-tracks economy period,the rapid transformation economy period and the comprehensive market-oriented economy period,which shows macroscopically the basic characteristics changes of the labor market,and microscopically the changes of the individual job search process.By the deepening of market reforms,the market channels have been found to substitute the bureaucratic channels as individual job leading channels based on an 8-city data analysis on the survey of social network and professional experience,however,the role of the relationship space has not been suppressed,network channels as the complement of the markets and bureaucratic channels are still commonly used.At the same time,because of the occupational hierarchy,institutional types,different entry period of the job seekers,they would face to different labor market characters and use different job-searching channels.