昆明树木园枯枝落叶层无脊椎动物群落多样性

Diversity of invertebrate community in leaf litters of Kunming Arboretum, Yunnan Province of Southwest China

为了解昆明树木园枯枝落叶层无脊椎动物群落结构及特征,于2010年5月—2011年9对昆明树木园中香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、圆柏(Sabina chinensis)、玉兰(Magnolia denudata)、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)、红枫(Acer palmatum cv.Atropuceum)共5个树种的枯枝落叶层无脊椎动物进行采样调查。共采获无脊椎动物25237头,隶属于2门5纲18目15科,其中蜱螨目和弹尾目为优势类群;缨翅目、伪蝎目、半翅目和革翅目为常见类群。采用Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数来衡量5个树种的枯枝落叶层无脊椎动物多样性,结果表明:5个树种的枯枝落叶层中无脊椎动物群落物种组成相似,群落中时空异质性较低;5个树种的枯枝落叶层中共采集菌食性蓟马375头,隶属1科、3属、4种,其中,奇管蓟马属(Allothrips)为云南新纪录属,同时也是昆明树木园菌食性蓟马群落中的绝对优势类群。

An investigation was conducted on the invertebrates in leaf litters under five tree spe- cies （Cinnamomum camphora, Sabina chinensis, Magnolia denudata, Pinus yunuanensis, and Acer palmatum cv. Atropuceum ） in Kunming Arboretum from May 2010 to September 2011, aimed to understand the community structure and characteristics of the invertebrate assemblages in the leaf litters of the five tree species. A total of 25237 invertebrate individuals belonging to 15 families of 18 orders in 5 classes under 2 phyla were collected, among which, Acarina and Col lembola were the dominant groups, while Thysanoptera, Pseudoscorpionidea, Hemiptera, and Dermaptera were the common groups. Shannon diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Simpson dominance index were used to compare the diversity of the invertebrate assemblages. A similar species composition of the invertebrate assemblages was observed in the leaf litters of the five tree species, and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the assemblages was small. In the leaf litters of the five tree species, a total of 375 adult fungus-feeding thrips were collected, belonging to 4 species, 3 genera, and 1 family, in which, Allothrips was the dominant fungus-feeding thrips group, and also, a newly recorded genus for Yunnan Province.