基于景观格局的矿区生态脆弱性评价--以吉林省辽源市为例

Assessment of mining area’s ecological vulnerability based on landscape pattern: A case study of Liaoyuan, Jilin Province of Northeast China

矿区自然生态系统脆弱性研究不仅对生态资源及生态环境有重要作用,还对资源合理利用及实现区域可持续发展有指导意义。在分析生态脆弱性概念与评价方法的基础上,依循"压力-状态-响应"评估框架,基于景观格局指数,从自然生态系统压力度、敏感性、恢复力3方面出发构建矿区自然生态系统脆弱性评价指标体系。以辽源市为例,对其进行系统分析与评价。结果表明:各类自然生态系统类型中,辽源市草地的脆弱性最高、林地最低;33个乡镇中,杨木林镇生态脆弱性最高、东丰县县城最低;从4个区县来看,脆弱性大小为龙山区>西安区>东丰县>东辽县;用地分布格局,自然生态环境,采矿、居民点等人为干扰,是影响生态脆弱性空间分异的主要原因。

The vulnerability assessment of natural ecosystems in mining areas is of significance in resources management, environmental protection, and regional sustainable development. Based on the analyses of the concepts of ecological vulnerability and the related assessment models, and following the ＇pressure-status-response＇ （PSR） assessment framework, an assessment indices system was put forward to quantify the vulnerability of natural ecosystems in mining areas from the aspects of human pressure, ecosystem sensitivity, and ecological resilience, with the application of landscape metrics. Taking the Liaoyuan City of Jilin Province as a case, the results showed that among the various types of natural ecosystems, grassland had the highest ecological vulnera- bility, while forestland had the lowest one. In all the 33 towns, Yangmulin Town had the highest ecological vulnerability, while Dongfeng County town had the lowest one. In the four districts and counties of Liaoyuan, Longshan District had the highest ecological vulnerability, with the Xi＇ an District, Dongfeng County, and Dongliao County in a descending sequence. The main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of the ecological vulnerability were land use pattern, natural ecological environment, and human disturbances such as mining and settlement.