“黑麦草—水稻”草田轮作系统的研究Ⅴ.稻田冬种黑麦草的优质高产栽培技术

Cultivation technology for high yield and quality ryegrass fodder in a ryegrass rice rotation system

黑麦草 (IRG)的栽培方式、播种量、施肥种类和施肥量是影响 IRG优质高产的主要因素。研究结果表明 ,高播量 (2 2 .5kg/hm2 )稻底撒播方式可以获得优质高产的 IRG,干物质产量 9183.4 5kg/hm2 ,粗蛋白质产量达 16 6 8.0 0 kg/hm2 ,因其节省劳力 ,且可以有效利用稻田水分 ,因此可作为稻田冬种 IRG的主要方式。中等播量 (15.0 kg/hm2 )育苗移栽方式也获得了较高的产量 (976 5.4 5kg/hm2 )和最高的 IRG粗蛋白质产量 (1730 .2 5kg/hm2 ) ,尽管该方式花费劳力较多 ,但节约种子并可以提早供草 ,可根据生产需要加以运用。在施肥管理上 ,使用复合肥 (N∶ P2 O5∶ K2 O=15∶ 15∶ 15) 150 0 kg/hm2的施肥管理方式最佳 。

In this experiment studied were the major factors influencing ryegrass yield in a ryegrass rice rotation system, including the way of planting, the quantity of seed used and the type and quantity of fertilizer applied. It was shown that a high amount of seed use ( 22.5% kg/ha), sown by direct spreading into the paddy field one month before the rice being harvested, would bring about a good yield (9 183.45 kg/ha of dry matter and 1 668 kg/ha of crude protein) of quality ryegrass fodder as an aftercrop. As the above method is labour saving and can utilise the soil moisture in the paddy field efficiently during the fallowing period, it is recommended as a major way to utilise paddy fields for fodder production during the winter time. As an option, a relatively labour intensive, but seed saving and early harvesting method is also introduced. With this latter method, 15 kg/ha of seed are needed and a yield of 9 765.45 kg/ha of dry matter and 1 730.25 kg/ha of crude protein can be obtained. For both the methods the rate of 1 500 kg/ha of fertilizer mix (N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O=15∶15∶15) is recommended as the optimum.