绿地再生水灌溉土壤盐度累积及风险分析

Soil Salinity in Greenland Irrigated with Reclaimed Water and Risk Assessment

和常规水源相比,再生水常含有较高的盐分,因而再生水灌溉下土壤盐分的风险引起学者的广泛关注.以再生水利用程度较高的北京市为研究区域,分层采集了不同再生水灌溉历史城区公园绿地与城郊农田表层土壤样品,测定并分析了土壤电导率(EC)和钠吸附比(SAR)等盐分相关指标,探讨再生水灌溉下土壤盐分的累积特征,分析了长期再生水灌溉下土壤盐分累积的风险.结果表明,再生水灌溉下城市绿地和农田土壤EC1:5值和SAR1:5值均显著高于其对照灌区,这种差异在农田中更加显著.公园与农田中再生水灌区土壤EC1:5值较对照灌区分别上升了12.4%和84.2%;土壤SAR1:5值上升幅度分别为64.5%和145.8%.调查区土壤0～10 cm与10～20 cm土层间EC1:5值和SAR1:5值差异不显著.长期再生水灌溉会使盐分累积在土壤表层,同时土壤孔隙度有轻微的减小.在北京地区再生水用于城市绿地灌溉引起表层土壤盐渍化的风险不容忽视.

Compared to drinking water or groundwater,reclaimed water contains more salts.Therefore,the effects of application of reclaimed water on the soil salinity have received great attentions.To evaluate the potential risks posed by long-term reclaimed water irrigation,we collected surface soil samples from urban green lands and suburban farmlands of Beijing represented different irrigation durations.The electrical conductivity（EC） and sodium adsorption ratio（SAR） in soils were measured subsequently.Both EC1∶5 and SAR1∶5 from the green land and farmland soils irrigated with reclaimed water were significantly higher than those of control treatments（drinking water or groundwater irrigation）.The EC1∶5 values increased by 12.4% and 84.2% than control treatments in the green land and farmland,respectively.The SAR1∶5 values increased by 64.5% and 145.8% than control treatments,respectively.No significant differences of both EC1∶5 and SAR1∶5 were found between of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer.A slight decrease of soil porosity was observed.The field investigation suggested there was a high potential of soil salinization under long-term reclaimed water irrigation.Proper management practices should be implemented to minimize the soil salinity accumulation risk when using reclaimed water for irrigation in Beijing.