温州城市河流河岸带土壤中PAHs的污染特征与来源

Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Riparian Soils Along Urban Rivers of Wenzhou City

为研究城市河流河岸带土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征,于2010年8月沿温州九山外河和山下河河岸带采集了21个表层土壤样品,利用加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)萃取,净化柱提取净化,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了土壤中18种PAHs的含量.结果表明,温州九山外河和山下河河岸带表层土壤中PAHs含量范围为60.7～3 871.3 ng·g-1,山下河河岸带土壤中ΣPAHs含量显著低于九山外河.两条河流河岸带土壤中的PAHs均以2、3环的低环为主,平均占到PAHs总量的62.47%～72.51%.与国内外其他研究地区土壤中PAHs含量相比,研究河段河岸带土壤中的PAHs处于中等污染水平,但有3个样品中BaP浓度远大于前苏联土壤标准,应引起足够重视.利用Ant/(Ant+Phe)和Fla/(Fla+Pyr)比值法和主成分分析方法进行判源,温州城市河流河岸带土壤中的PAHs均表现出明显的燃烧源和石油源的综合来源特征。

Twenty one riparian soil samples along Jiushanwai River and Shanxia River of Wenzhou city were collected in August 2010 to investigate the pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）.The samples were extracted by an accelerated solvent extractor（ASE）,purified by a purification column and determined by GC-MS.Results showed that the total concentrations of PAHs in the riparian soils ranged from 60.7 ng·g-1 to 3 871.3 ng·g-1,and the concentrations of PAHs in soils along the Shanxia River were significantly lower than the levels along Jiushanwai River.The dominant compounds were 2 to 3 rings in the riparian soils along both rivers,which in average accounted for 62.47%-72.51% in PAHs.Compared with the PAHs concentrations in soils of other areas in the world,the riparian soils of the studied rivers were moderately polluted by PAHs,but the concentrations of BaP in three soil samples were much higher than the soil standard value of the former Soviet Union,which should be paid more attention.Based on the ratios of Ant/（Ant＋Phe） and Fla/（Fla＋Pyr） and principal component analysis results,PAHs in riparian soils of the studied rivers were mainly derived from both the petroleum and combustion.