环境基准向环境标准转化的机制探讨

Mechanism for Transformation of Environmental Criteria into Environmental Standards in China

中国正逐步开展较系统的环境基准研究工作,为制订更加合理有效的环境标准提供科学依据.以探索环境基准向环境标准在中国转化的适宜机制为目的,将中国的环境基准和标准研究制定现状与美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等发达国家对比,总结出发达国家环境基准向环境标准转化的四点共性特征以及中国在相应方面存在的问题,在此基础上提出由包含中央和地方两个层次的机构职责模块,涵盖影响因子体系及其作用机理的转化路径模块,以及针对中国环境基准标准现状问题的政策保障模块三大功能的环境基准向环境标准转化机制框架,并具体阐述了各模块的主要内容及其相互关系.

In order to provide scientific basis for developing more reasonable and effective environmental standards（ESs）,China has taken its own environmental criteria（EC） research strategy in recent years.For the purpose of developing a transformation mechanism from EC to ESs suitable for China,current EC and ESs in China were compared with those in some developed countries,such as the USA,Canada and Australia.Four common characteristics of transformation from EC to ESs in developed countries and corresponding problems in China were drawn through the comparison,based on which a framework for transformation from EC to ESs was established.The framework was composed by three parts： ① relevant national and local agencies and responsibilities;② steps for transformation including affecting factors and their interactions;③ and policies for solving current problems in China.