中国地下水硝态氮污染现状研究

Status of Nitrate Nitrogen Contamination of Groundwater in China

随着农田氮素投入的增多,大量硝态氮累积在土壤剖面和淋失进入地下水,造成了地下水硝酸盐污染。本文综合概括了我国地下水硝酸盐污染现状,指出地下水硝态氮重度污染主要发生在农业集中地区;由于地质地貌、农业生产、地下水埋深等因素的不同,地下水中硝态氮浓度变化呈现出区域性差异。地下水埋深越浅地区越易受到硝态氮的污染,不合理的灌溉、施肥等农业耕种制度也影响着硝态氮在土体中的累积和向地下水体淋失的过程并指出了下一步地下水硝态氮污染工作的研究重点。

In China,the increasing nitrogen input in farmland results in a large amount of nitrate-nitrogen accumulated in the soil profile,and then the groundwater pollution caused by nitrate-nitrogen leaching.This paper comprehensively summarizes the status of groundwater nitrate pollution in China and points out that the nitrate-nitrogen pollution is most serious in the agricultural regions.Groundwater nitrate-nitrogen content depends on the geological features,agricultural production systems,groundwater depth and other factors.The areas with shallower groundwater are more vulnerable to nitrate-nitrogen.Irrational irrigation,fertilizer and other farming system have significant impacts on nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in soil and the leaching process into groundwater.The research focus is pointed out for the future study on groundwater nitrate contamination.